Professional essay writers: October 2019

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Explain and evaluate de Beauvoir's critique of patriarchal man-woman Essay

Explain and evaluate de Beauvoir's critique of patriarchal man-woman relations - Essay Example There is a proverb which says that Ã¢â‚¬Å"Men make houses, women make homes!Ã¢â‚¬ (Metin, 2011). This very proverb points out the fact that relationship between men and woman is quite mutual. If the men acquire houses for their family, then women with their love and care make it a home. Yet one has always seen that relationship between men and woman comprising of love as well as conflicts. The paper here seeks to examine the patriarchal man- woman relationship with reference to an evaluation of de BeauvoirÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s critique of this concept and her notion of woman as the other. Disparities between men and women: different views Man and women are the creations of God, and each has been endowed with different features. Their existence is mutual in nature because active participation of both is required to build and sustain the next generation. However one often comes across situations where women are considered to be imperfect and weaker compared to their male counterpart. Generally, in a male dominated society it is believed that women are completely unfit to lead an independent life and hence she has to be under the supervision of men. The topic of dissimilarity between men and women was also seen during the time of Plato and Aristotle. Plato believed that the disparity in men and women were quantitative in nature, that is, women were considered to be physically and mentally weaker than men. ... Even the Old Testament believes that man and woman are made of the same flesh and blood but they differ in terms of their views, needs, and other things (Women and her Rights, n.d). The relationship between man and woman has various dimensions. They can be as friends, as spouses or as siblings. According to Marx, the relationship between man and woman is essential. This is so because need is an indication for essence. If we need something then it plays a crucial role in our development and in realizing our essence. It is through need that one can understand that their requirement is related to them: in fact it is a part of their essence. Similarly, man and woman are considered to be an essence for each other. This is so because they need each other to give birth to build up the future generation (Kain, 1993, p.323). Patriarchal man-woman relations The relationship between man and woman had gone through many changes with the passage of time. Even in ancient civilizations one can see v ariations in this relationship. In some cases women were given equal importance and in many cases one would come across a patriarchal society. In case of civilizations which were agricultural in nature, one would find that they had always underestimated the potential of women and their society had been patriarchal in nature. Such type of society is built on the assumption that the reigns of political, economic, and cultural life was in the hands of the man. Here after marriage the woman was expected to act in accordance to her husbandÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wishes. As women were considered to lack certain features which were possessed by men so they were subjugated in their relationship. Not all agricultural economy had the same patriarchal conditions. If conditions were stringent in the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Career Development Plan Part Iv - Compensation Essay Example for Free

Career Development Plan Part Iv Compensation Essay Now that we have structured our new team, identified their roles, identified ways to manage their performance and created an appraisal system we are now proposing a new compensation plan. This part will outline the plan, describe how it will help motivate employee performance, describe our total rewards program and outline how this program will benefit the individual and InterClean. Account Executive Financial Compensation Plan Compensation structures can be broken down into two distinct categories, financial and non-financial (Cascio, 2006). This section overviews the financial compensation plan for account executives, which includes pay and benefits. Account executive pay will be primarily commission based. Each account executive will receive a base salary at minimum wage, with the rest of their salary coming from commission. We feel that a generous commission structure will motivate performance because pay will have a direct correlation with sales volume. We structured our proposed commission plan to reflect InterClean new strategic direction (University of Phoenix, 2007), and how employees are rated in their quarterly appraisal. This means a focus on retention, up-selling and volume. Account executives will receive 8% commission on sales for the first six-months of revenue. 10% commission on sales after six-months of continuous revenue. 13% commission on sales after one-year of continuous revenue. 13% commission on up-sells and account executives that meet their quarterly sales volume will also receive a bonus equaling 3% of total revenue earned. New Business Account Executive, The New Business Account Executive has different goals, and therefore a different pay scale will apply. He or she will receive a base salary of $30,000 per year, plus a 3% quarterly commission on revenues earned from the accounts he or she acquired. We feel that this structure will adequately reflect the difference between new account acquisition and account retention. Cumulatively, the maximum amount of commission paid on revenues to account executives would be 19%. In related to the benefits Account Executives will receive the standard benefits due to all InterClean employees, including; Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Health Insurance with employee share of cost Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 401k match 14 days paid vacation Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 6 days sick time Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Health, Financial, Stress and Motivational Counseling through our employee wellness program. Managerial Financial Compensation Plan The managerial financial compensation plan will focus on overall team performance. We feel that creating a plan that rewards managers for team performance helps ensure managementÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s focus on creating a strong team that meets financial objec tives. Managers will receive a base salary dependent on their pay grade, ranging from $50,000 annual for the solution expert and $65,000 annually for the sales manager. The rest of their salary will be based on team performance as 3% commission on total revenues per quarter of all account executives that have met his or her goal, and 2% on total revenues per quarter if all account executives meet their goals. We feel that paying based on meeting objectives, and sharing in total revenues accomplishes two important things such as rewards managers who ensure account executives meet their goals by providing the tools and support they need. And it encourages over-achieving by not setting a limit on revenue sharing. In terms of the benefits, managerial employees share in the aforementioned benefits, and are given one additional week of paid vacation (five days) per year. As mentioned, compensation does not only include financial compensation; there are certain non-financial rewards that motivate employee performance, increase loyalty and decrease turnover. The following non-financial rewards were chosen based on a survey conducted in the United Kingdom (Employee Benefits, 2006) as additional Ã¢â‚¬Å"perksÃ¢â‚¬ for employees. Sales Employees, All sales employees are eligible the following reward package flexible working arrangements. Employees can work at home when appropriate on dates arranged between them and their manager. Flexible work time is the top-rated non-financial reward in the UK survey (Employee Benefits, 2006) and offering such an arrangement can increase productivity by diminishing stress caused by work-life conflicts. And corporate gym membership also ranked high on the survey, and using our corporate pull to offer a free membership not only encourages wellness, but exercise has countless benefits such as stress relief, increased creativity, and energy. Also, we will include employee discount at restaurants. Using the promise of higher volume by internally promoting local restaurants to our employees, HR has arranged for employee discounts at local restaurants. This benefit decreases the costs of lunch for our employees and gives them another reason to value InterClean. Managerial Rewards, The following rewards are available to managers in addition to the preceding rewards available to all employees such as use of company vehicle: Surprisingly, the UK survey listed Ã¢â‚¬Å"sports car as company vehicleÃ¢â‚¬ as the number one Ã¢â‚¬Å"benefit they donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t receive but wish they hadÃ¢â‚¬ (Employee Benefits, 2006, para4. . Company gas card, not only should our sales manager ride in prestige, but we understand that the majority of driving they do benefits our company, so they also have use of our company gas card. The compensation and rewards system outlined in this plan are geared to motivate performance by tying pay directly to the revenue gained for InterClean. Our new strategy of fo cusing on solution-based selling (University of Phoenix, 2007) means we must grow retention, up selling, and total volume. This plan rewards all three by reducing the base pay of account executives, increasing commission and tiering commission based on retention and up selling. We reward achievers and not low-performers. Tying managerial pay directly to the performance of the team rewards good managers (Vigoda-Gadot Angert, 2007. ) Finally, offering a substantial but not overly high base pay takes into account fluctuating economic and environmental constraints. Offering bonuses quarterly rather than annual avoids penalizing employees for one bad quarter, which can happen to even the best sales person. Finally, our reward system is built to make InterClean a great place to work, that values the employees well-being and offers perks as part of the job. Offering this reward system can help InterClean retain the best possible account executives and managers (Cascio, 2006). Because we offer competitive pay and creative rewards that ease the work-life conundrum, and add a certain level of prestige to those who work for InterClean.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Conflict in The Eumenides of The Oresteia Essay -- Aeschylus Orest

The Conflict in The Eumenides of The OresteiaÃ‚ Ã‚ In The Eumenides, the third book of The Oresteia, there exists a strong rivalry between the Furies and the god Apollo; from the moment of their first confrontation in ApolloÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s temple at Delphi, it is clear that the god and the spirits are opposing forces. Their actions bring them into direct conflict, and both of them are stubbornly set on achieving their respective goals while at the same time interfering with or preventing the actions of the other. There is also considerable personal animosity between Apollo and the Furies, especially from the former toward the latter. Because of the differences between the respective ideals they stand for, their personal conflict is as intense as that brought about by their actions. The nature of the rivalry is ironic because they possess ideals that are very similar in some respects; both seek to establish order and justice in the world (although they have separate and very different conceptions of order and justice), and, therefore, they are striving for the same goals, yet neither realizes this truth. Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Apollo and the Furies despise each other because their actions and even their very natures are diametrically opposed. In this play, Aeschylus depicts Apollo as a noble and virtuous figure, based on two traits for which the god is well known: an interest in peace and justice, and a tendency to passionately defend from harm individuals or groups of people who worship him. It is worth noting that The Eumenides is not the only incidence of Apollo protecting someone from the Furies; there exists a remarkably similar Greek legend in which Apollo commands a character named Alcmaeon to kill his mother (Grant 139), who had arranged for her ... ...ries. Each is determined to achieve his/their goal while blocking the actions of the other. Their respective natures, in addition to their actions, also breed a strong mutual contempt between them. The play depicts Apollo as a seeker of peace and justice, and more importantly, as a defender of the weak, while the Furies are seemingly his antithesis--primitive creatures which incite murder and foment chaos within the Atreus family. However, the god and the spirits are also similar in that they wish to establish order in the world by ensuring justice for the mortals they patronize although their conceptions of justice and order are quite different, and this leads to the irony that they work to defeat each other without ever recognizing that there is a common bond between them. Works Cited: Aeschylus. Oresteia. Trans. Peter Meineck. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1998.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Heart of Darkness Essay

Kurtz is the man who Marlow searches for through the Congo. MarlowÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s search develops into an obsession and when the search has ended, he only finds a shadow of a man that was once Kurtz. Kurtz was a man who had achieved great things in his life, inspiring each person he had come across and was expected to accomplish more. He came into the Congo with great plans for civilizing the natives, however he became greedy, which ended up being the subject of his own demise. Ã¢â‚¬ËœI had immense plansÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ I was on the threshold of great thingsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. KurtzÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main characteristics were his ability to talk passionately to people and inspire them with his words. He had a charisma that made people feel that he was some kind of a genius. Kurtz was a very talented human being, gifted in many areas. He could not be pinned down to a specific talent. He was seen as a great musician to his cousin that Marlow visits, a brilliant politician and leader of men to the journalist and a genius and humanitarian to his intended. Marlow views him as a universal genius. Kurtz is a round character, who is explored deeply and at times, almost to deep. He is neither the protagonist nor the antagonist, but he is a complex main character within the novel. In places where Kurtz is described, there is imagery of darkness and foreboding evil. Kurtz was an exaggeration of the white people who had come to Africa for money. KurtzÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s greed for ivory became extreme and even made him violent and aggressive. He was the idea of the self-made man that was the American dream. It was thought that any man could travel and be wealthy materially and spiritually. He was living that dream for a while, before it swallowed him whole. His ego inflated and he believed himself to be a superior being such as God. He let himself be worshipped among the natives and encircled himself with darkness and evil. Hence, his ideals had changed from his journey through Africa. And he soon became one of the natives. Releasing himself from civilization and restraint. When Marlow finally reached Kurtz, Kurtz had become hollow. Kurtz had reached insanity. He was no longer the great man he had once been. Ã¢â‚¬ËœHe was hollow at the core. Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Through conversing with the natives and immersing himself with them, Kurtz lost his restraint, which he had learned through civilization. By taking part in native ceremonial gatherings, he had lost his soul and he had succumbed to darkness. Ã¢â‚¬ËœHow many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ The reason for his behaviour was his greed for ivory. He gave up his soul only for the sole purpose of money and success. However, his actions are justified as Marlow expresses that leaving a man in a jungle with nothing but himself and the desire to make money, will make him go mad. Without restraint from his own culture, KurtzÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s basic instincts were released. KurtzÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s appearance had dramatically altered as well. He was extremely thin and had a baldhead; he had also lost the ability to walk. From being a God to the natives, he soon comes to despise them. He sees them as rebels, which is why he has stuck heads on sticks outside his hut. Ã¢â‚¬ËœExterminate the brutesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ In the end, Kurtz dies just after he has come to realize that he has become the heart of darkness. He is an embodiment of evil and he highlights this by saying, Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe horror! The horror! Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Kurtz was an imperialist who was a symbol of colonization, and a symbol of the jungle.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Acid and Base Report Qualitative Data

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Sediment Grain Size Chart for Rocks

Sediment Grain Size Chart for Rocks The grain sizes of sediments and sedimentary rocks are a matter of great interest to geologists. Different size sediment grains form different types of rocks and can reveal information about the landform and environment of an area from millions of years prior. Types of Sediment Grains Sediments are classified by their method of erosion as either clastic or chemical. Chemical sediment is broken down through chemical weatheringÃ‚ with transportation, a process known as corrosion, or without. That chemical sediment is then suspended in a solution until it precipitates. Think of what happens to a glass of saltwater that has been sitting out in the sun.Ã‚ Clastic sediments are broken down through mechanical means, like abrasion from wind, water or ice. They are what most people think of when mentioning sediment; things like sand, silt, and clay. Several physical properties are used to describe sediment, like shape (sphericity), roundness and grain size. Of these properties, grain size is arguably the most important. It can help a geologist interpret the geomorphic setting (both present and historical) of a site, as well as whether the sediment was transported there from regional or local settings. Grain size determines just how far a piece of sediment can travel before coming to a halt.Ã‚ Clastic sediments form a wide range of rocks, from mudstone to conglomerate, and soil depending on their grain size. Within many of these rocks, the sediments are clearly distinguishableespecially with a little help from a magnifier.Ã‚ Sediment Grain Sizes The Wentworth scale was published in 1922 by Chester K. Wentworth, modifying an earlier scale by Johan A. Udden. Wentworths grades and sizes were later supplemented by William Krumbeins phi or logarithmic scale, which transforms the millimeter number by taking the negative of its logarithm in base 2 to yield simple whole numbers. The following is a simplified version of the much more detailed USGS version.Ã‚ Millimeters Wentworth Grade Phi (ÃŽ ¦) Scale 256 Boulder Ã¢â‚¬â€œ8 64 Cobble Ã¢â‚¬â€œ6 4 Pebble Ã¢â‚¬â€œ2 2 Granule Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1 1 Very coarse sand 0 1/2 Coarse sand 1 1/4 Medium sand 2 1/8 Fine sand 3 1/16 Very fine sand 4 1/32 Coarse silt 5 1/64 Medium silt 6 1/128 Fine silt 7 1/256 Very fine silt 8 1/256 Clay 8 The size fraction larger than sand (granules, pebbles, cobbles. and boulders) is collectively called gravel, and the size fraction smaller than sand (silt and clay) is collectively called mud.Ã‚ Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks form whenever these sediments are deposited and lithified and can be classified based on the size of their grains. Gravel forms coarse rocks with grains over 2 mm in size. If the fragments are rounded, they form conglomerate, and if they are angular, they form breccia.Sand, as you may guess, forms sandstone. Sandstone is medium-grained, meaning its fragments are between 1/16 mm and 2 mm.Ã‚ Silt forms fine-grained siltstone, with fragments between 1/16 mm and 1/256 mm.Ã‚ Anything less than 1/256 mm results in either claystone or mudstone. Two types of mudstone are shale and argillite, which is shale that has undergone very low-grade metamorphism.Ã‚ Geologists determine grain sizes in the field using printed cards called comparators, which usually have a millimeter scale, phi scale, and angularity chart. They are especially useful for larger sediment grains.Ã‚ In the laboratory, comparators are supplemented by standard sieves.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Learning About Chinese Characters

Learning About Chinese Characters There are more than 80,000 Chinese characters, but most of them are seldom used today. So how many Chinese characters do you need to know? For basic reading and writing of modern Chinese, you only need a few thousand. Here are the coverage rates of the most frequently used Chinese characters: Most frequently usedÃ‚ 1,000Ã‚ characters:Ã‚ ~90%Ã‚ coverage rateMost frequently usedÃ‚ 2,500Ã‚ characters:Ã‚ 98.0%Ã‚ coverage rateMost frequently usedÃ‚ 3,500Ã‚ characters:Ã‚ 99.5%Ã‚ coverage rate Two or More Chinese Characters per English Word For an English word, the Chinese translation (or the Chinese word) often consists of two or moreÃ‚ Chinese characters. You should use them together and read them from left to right. If you want to arrange them vertically, the one on the leftmost should go to the top. See an example for the word English below: As you can see, there are two Chinese characters for English (the language), which are ying1 yu3 in Pinyin.Ã‚ PinyinÃ‚ is the international standard romanization scheme for Chinese characters, which is useful for learning the phonetics of Mandarin. There are four tones in Pinyin and we use the numbers here, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4, to depict the four tones. If you want to learn Mandarin (or Pu3 Tong1 Hua4), you have to master the four tones of the language. However, one pinyin usually represents many Chinese characters. For example, han4 can depict the Chinese characters for sweet, drought, brave, Chinese, etc. Thus you have to learn the Chinese characters to master the language. ChineseÃ‚ is not alphabetic, so the writing is not related to its phonetics. In Chinese, We dont translate the Western alphabet since the letters have no meaning, though we do use the letters in writings, especially in scientific writings. Styles of Chinese Writing There are many styles of Chinese writing. Some of the styles are more ancient than others. In general, there are large differences among the styles, even though some of the styles are quite close. Different styles of Chinese characters are naturally used according to the purposes of the writing, such as Xiaozhuan mainly used for seal carving now. Besides the different styles, there are also two forms of Chinese characters, the simplified and the traditional. The simplified is the standard writing form employed in the mainland of China and the traditional form is mainly used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. There are total 2,235 simplified characters contained in the Simplified Character Table published in 1964 by the Chinese government, so the majority of the Chinese characters are the same in the two forms, though the count of commonly-used Chinese characters is only about 3,500. All the Chinese characters on our site are Kaiti (the standard style) in the simplified form. Japanese Kanji are originally from China, so most of them are the same as their corresponding Chinese characters, but Japanese kanji only contains a small collection of Chinese characters. There are a lot more Chinese characters not included in Japanese Kanji. Kanji are used less and less now in Japan. You dont see a lot of Kanji in a modern Japanese book anymore.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Writing Step by Step Winning Resume

Writing Step by Step Winning Resume Writing Step by Step: Winning Resume Want to be on the competitive edge and get the job of your dreams? Writing step by step will help you compose a job-winning resume! Follow these recommendations, discover useful tips, and use them to make a great CV! Step 1. Decide what kind of job you are looking for and determine whether your skills are suitable for it. Step 2. Make sure your resume has a clear structure. Divide it into the following parts: objective, personal details, education, work experience, skills, foreign languages, hobbies and interests, references. Step 3. Complete each part with suitable information. Ã‚ Objective is one of key parts of your CV. Formulate the exact goal for your job search and professional intentions. The way you express why you want to get this or that job is likely to make the HR Manager choose your candidacy and invite you to the interview. Ã‚ Personal Details come into play in the next part of your CV, where you actually introduce yourself. Provide personal information: first and last name, date and place of birth, age, address, telephone number and e-mail. If you have more than one phone number, provide all of them. In case one number doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t answer, the recruiter can get in touch with you by using another one. The Education section is designed to provide details on your qualifications, including any and all degrees you have earned. Its also a good idea to mention training courses you have attended. Doing so may indicate that you take a serious interest in some specific area and want to increase your academic achievements. Well-rounded education and high qualifications Ã¢â‚¬â€œ thats what recruiters seek! In the next part that is called Work Experience, list all the companies you worked for, as well as your positions and responsibilities. Dont be afraid to mention the smallest companies and the lowest positions. Everyone needs a start! Besides, starting in lower positions or working for smaller companies can mean that you have a more thorough knowledge of all areas in your specialty. Your desire to move on and get essential experience speaks in favor of your candidacy! The section labeled Skills has to include information regarding all abilities you consider to be relevant for the targeted job and position. Interpersonal, leadership and organizational skills, team spirit, willingness to compromise Ã¢â‚¬â€œ each can be vital to your new job! Are you creative and enthusiastic Ã¢â‚¬â€œ write a couple of words about that, too! Have a critical look at yourself Ã¢â‚¬â€œ dont exaggerate or understate your weak points, but at the same time, theres no need to underestimate yourself. Remember that you are not cheap labor but, instead, a promising employee! What does the part Foreign Languages have to do with anything? If the company is an international one and has business partners in other countries, your ability to provide successful communication in other languages can be of great importance. State what languages you speak fluently or in which you have a good written command. Do you have a bright personality? Say a couple of words about it in the section under Hobbies and Interests! Show that you are not only a book worm or that you surf the Internet all day long. Tell briefly about other parts of your life that are exciting and engaging! In References name two or three people who can recommend you and confirm your personal characteristics as well as qualifications. State their positions and provide telephone numbers so that the recruiter can contact them as needed. Step 4. Attach a nice photo of yourself. Very often applicants ignore this request. However, to a highly-qualified HR Manager it means that either the applicant doesnt take the job advertisement seriously or doesnt know how. Regarding the photo itself, it shouldnt be too formal or vice-versa, too frivolous. Choose one where you are in a good mood, look friendly and are properly dressed. The picture you choose should say that you are easy to deal with and serious enough to work diligently. Step 5. Place your resume on websites that specialize in recruitment. A properly composed resume will draw the attention of an HR manager and will help you get the job! Develop a resume and become a successful job candidate! Good luck with getting a good job! Otherwise, you can visit our writing company and order a custom resume of any complexity.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Compare and Contrast Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophogeal Reflux Term Paper

Compare and Contrast Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease - Term Paper Example There are symptoms and diagnosis that may help identify the type of gastrointestinal disorder that one may be suffering from (Kahrilas 2008). Peptic ulcer disease is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract, usually acidic and extremely painful. A higher percentage of these ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pyloris. Epithelial cells in the stomach and duodenum secrete mucus in response to epithelial lining irritation. Gastric and duodenal mucosa exist in the form of a gel layer impermeable to acid and pepsin (Kurata et al 1997). A physiologic balance does exist between gastric acid secretion and gastro duodenal mucosal defense. Peptic ulcers occur due to disruption of the balance between the aggressor factors and defensive mechanisms. The aggressor factors include NSAIDÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s, H pyloris infection, alcohol, bile salts, acid and pepsin which allow back diffusion of hydrogen ions leading to epithelial cell injury. Defensive mechanisms include tight intercellular junctions, mucus, mucosal blood flow, cellular restitution and epithelial renewal (Kurata et al 1997). Symptoms of peptic ulcers include abdominal pain, epigastric with severity relating to mealtimes which manifest three hours after taking a meal. Other symptoms include Bloating and abdominal fullness, water brush, nausea and copious vomiting. Pain caused by peptic ulcers may be felt around the navel up to the sternum, this pain normally lasts for a few minutes although it may potentially last for hours and may worsen when the stomach is empty (Kurata et al 1997). Diagnosis is mainly established based on the symptoms characteristics. Tests such as endoscopies or barium contrast X-rays help to confirm the diagnosis. An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is usually carried out on patients suspected to be having peptic ulcers (Kahrilas 2008). Antacids or

Friday, October 18, 2019

Financial Reporting Theory and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Reporting Theory and Practice - Essay Example Since the reporting of a company's performance greatly depends on which accounting standard is utilized, the firm's health often depends on the policies in financial reporting. One of the most important issues in financial reporting is the valuation of the company's assets. Since a firm's asset is often measured by the amount of resources it holds in its asset account, companies should not overlook the valuation measures they use. This paper will examine the valuation of tangible, fixed assets as set by FRS and IAS. Valuation of fixed assets is laid out on FRS 15 entitled Tangible Fixed Asset and in IAS 16 with the heading Property Plant and Equipment. However, standard setters differ in their requirements regarding revaluation. FRS 15 states that "none specialized properties should be valued on the basis of the existing use value, with the addition of notional directly attributable acquisition costs where material (53a)." Meanwhile IAS 16 necessitates that asset be measured at the fair value unless (a) the exchange transaction lacks commercial substance or (b) the fair value of neither the asset received nor the asset given up is reliably measurable.

Health Care Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Care Policy - Essay Example Strategies focused on working conditions and retention should occupy a central position in any nursing workforce revitalization plan"(Sochalski J, 2005). In connection to this, different national professional nursing organizations have chosen to play an active role in assisting legislators with not only insights but overview of this issue. The main focus of most organizations now is to increase the supply of nurses in different health institutions and act as bargaining arm in behalf of the nurses' concern. Some organizations would rather focus on long term solutions such as increasing the number of students enrolled in nursing courses, giving incentives, salary increase to existing nurses to give them more reasons to stay. Whereas, other legislators would opt for more short term solutions such as opening more opportunities for nursing to foreign workers. Needless to say, the demand for more nursing professionals compels not only the health care industry, but also the government to act fast in this continuous problem. In this writer's opinion, high tech facilities, modern equipments can only be as good as top of the line services prov ided by hospitals. Without the latter, nothing much can be expected. Looking at the abundance of legislative ... Increasing supply via education- scholarships, forgivable loans in return of service to underserved areas; funding for increased school capacity and faculty; incentives such as scholarships, tutoring, transportation and child care to attract minority students. Such policy can be well directed to education institutions, or colleges that only offer nursing courses. And probably, the government may also look at trying to recruit more males in this industry to balance out the depreciation of nurses leaving because of pregnancy, child rearing duties. Increasing supply via immigration- Expand the H1-C category for visas, which aims to bring foreign-trained and licensed nurses t the United States to provide service to underserved areas. This is a very good strategy considering that migrant workers will come to the US as full time nurses and will have their full attention to their jobs. Given that they are away from their families, they will have more focus on what they are ought to do. The government however, must make sure that qualifying exams are really at par with the quality standards of our healthcare industry. Data and Planning- establish commissions, studies, task forces and committees to analyze or monitor the nursing workforce, expand duties of nursing licensure boards to collect, monitor and utilize nursing workforce data. Probably this is the same with organizing our very own think tank, or an organization that focuses on research communications to be the main source of data related to this field. Work Environment- limit overtime, impose mandatory overtime, post staffing ratios in hospitals to inform the public, define associated disciplinary actions. Licensure Compacts- interstate recognition of nursing licenses; promote mobility.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Complete a poetry analysis for Whispers in the Wind Assignment

Complete a poetry analysis for Whispers in the Wind - Assignment Example A reflective poem about her married life with a husband who was ashamed of her Cherokee blood. She wrote Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whispers in the WindÃ¢â‚¬ as an ode to her ancestors. The poem was a message from her to them. Putting into words the sentiments that her family have long held dear about the way the Cherokee Indian tribes were mistreated and massacred by the White colonialists. In deep pain she declares: Evidently the poem is all about the cultural context of her words. Through this poem she declares that their Cherokee bloodline shall not die, nor shall the remaining tribe members be ashamed of it. Instead, their generation will accept the mission set before them. That of making peace and amends between the White man and the Red Skins. What was taken from them can never be returned indeed. But, it is never too late to make amends in order to bring a sense of forgiveness and satisfaction towards the lost lives of their ancestors who fought valiantly to preserve what was originally their land. She personifies the voice of her ancestors through the whispers that she hears in the wind. The messages that she receives from them as she sits alone on some nights, contemplating her heritage and her present, trying to find a common ground between the two. Hers is a difficult life for she has to be both White and Indian at the same time. Through the poem, she declares that her heritage is valuable to her and she shall never let it fall to the wayside. Rather, she calls upon the others in her tribe to find a way to keep their noble heritage alive in a world where it has lost its relevance. Whispers in the Wind is a tribute to her ancestors and their gallant bravery in the face of hardship and abuse. Through her poem, she managed to bring them back to life even if only on paper. The poem was written for them as way for her to honor and love those ancestors from the past. As she tells her readers: That she has done with this particular poem. She has managed to remind

Financial Analysis As The Stability Of The Business Essay

Financial Analysis As The Stability Of The Business - Essay Example One of the primary roles played by budgeting is that it helps in maintaining adequate control over the expenditures incurred by the firm. Budgets suitable provide a plan for the organization in respect of future expenses. Budgets help to set standards of performance. The actual performance of a firm can be measured against the budgeted performance. This helps the organization to easily realize its deviation from the set goals and accordingly take steps for correcting the same. Budgeting is done on the basis of forecasting future transactions. This helps an organization to forecast future scenario and anticipate events that may affect the firm's operations. In most organizations, budgets play an important role in decision-making and planning for the coming financial period. On the basis of the forecasted budgets, management is required to decide upon strategies relating to achieving the set targets, reducing costs and maximizing profits. In Section A, ratio analysis of Nene PLC presen ted that the company was a sound and profit-making concern that had to focus more on improving its operational efficiency in order to gain higher profits. In Section B, Project Meeney was ascertained to be the most viable project because it provided Millennium PLC with highest NPV and with the lowest Payback Period. Section C found that the global financial crisis was caused by a mix of financial and governmental failures. The discussion on budgeting presented clear views about the advantages and disadvantages of having budgets in companies.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Complete a poetry analysis for Whispers in the Wind Assignment

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Managing the Transition to Higher Education Essay

Managing the Transition to Higher Education - Essay Example The secondary goal is to increase the degree completion rate of students in urban areas. Students are helped to be more efficient in their college experience so they can complete their degree as quickly as possible to assume family and job obligations. Some schools have instituted joint marketing procedures to entice high school students who are deeply interested in an undergraduate degree. (Rivard, 2001) Advanced technologies encompassing the internet and online databases have been utilized to promote teaching and learning on campus. The very nature of technology requires colleges and universities to make rapid decisions with flexibility. Students are more adept with the internet use for their academic and social relationships. In general, universities have already made substantial commitments to ubiquitous computing facilities which allow the development of a common database for institutional use and sharing with other universities. The technologically advanced institutions can share the lessons learned, and solutions with universities that are still establishing their academic computing program. (Rivard, 2000) The quality assessment of teaching and learning effectiveness is directly linked to state funding.

Monday, October 14, 2019

A political social movement Essay Example for Free

A political social movement Essay One problem the researcher had when operationalising the meaning of punk is that there was a varying meaning of punk. To the people who defined themselves as punk it was a political social movement, to others it was seen as fashion. Another problem is that it was hard to say whom the punks were because of how they act or dress. Some of the people who would say they were punk would not dress or act to the ideal, where others who were acting and dressing to the ideal would not identify themselves as punk. One reason why some sociologists may prefer qualitative methods is that it gives a truer insight into what a respondent has to say. This therefore improves the validity of the research. A second reason is that it provides greater depth into social life. It allows the researcher to look at society in more detail and other than its counter part not just as figures in a table. The research findings in item A tell us that once you label yourself as punk, you undertake three stages in a punk career. In the three stages there are what they define as being punk, how they behave, and their core values. The first stage is rebellion. Their definition of a punk is unconventional and a non-conformist. Their behaviour is anarchic and deviant. The way they dress and hairstyle is aimed to shock people and offend. Their core values at this stage are rejecting and opposing mainstream values. The second stage is belonging. They become a member of a subculture. They conform to common standards of dress, behaviour and may also start body piercing. They value being accepted by peers of being a true punk, not just a poseur. The third stage is belief in core values. They believe that punk values are more important than dress, looks etc. Their behaviour is individual do it yourself creative expression. They value personal integrity, individualism, honesty, and being unique.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Traditional Agricultural Technology in Sri Lanka

Traditional Agricultural Technology in Sri Lanka 1. Modern Agricultural sector plays a very important role in contributing to the economy of the country. Agriculture represents 13% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rice is the main staple food in Sri Lanka. Paddy sector contributes 16.5 % of the GDP of the agriculture sector. Paddy farmers represent considerable percentage of the labor force of the country. Rice is the oldest crop on earth and rice is the main consumer food in Sri Lanka and the main substitute for rice is the wheat flour. Sri Lanka has two major agricultural seasons namely Yala and Maha. About 5.75 lakh hectares were being bought under paddy farming in the Maha season from October to February and another 3.5 lakh hectares under the Yala season from April to August. Sri Lanka is country which Agricultural sector plays a main role in the economy. Paddy is produce in two seasons in a year. Every Government has identified the importance of the Paddy industry and has been a political focus so far. Mahaweli P roject is the one of the most successive project done in the country to increase the land available for the paddy cultivation. However farmers in rural provinces faced many hardships to obtain adequate harvest and revenue from paddy cultivation and vegetable cultivation due to lack of new technology 2. There are three major economic activities which contribute to the Gross National Product (GNP) in a country, Namely Agriculture sector, Industrial sector and Service sector. Beginning of 1950s Sri Lankan economy was mainly based on agricultural sector and by mid 1950, service sector contribution remarkably increases and maintained the highest contribution to the GNP at present. With the change of political and security situation of the country, it is essential to develop agriculture sector to achieve the self sustainability of the country. In 2008 recorded the highest sectoral growth of 7.5 percent (%) over the growth of 3.4 % recorded in 2007. Output of domestic agriculture products were increased in 2008 mainly due the record increasing of paddy production during the year seasons. 3. Sri Lanka Rice Sector alone contributes 30% to the agricultural GDP which accounts for 16.8% of GDP in year 2007.The present Annual value of the rice production is Rs. 49 billion which is at an increasing trend, although the relative contribution of the rice sector to the GDP is diminishing. In 2008 paddy production increased by 24% recorded levels of 2.63 million metric tons of rice. This recorded target was archived through enormous difficulties faced by the farmers in rural provinces. It is essential to implement an effective government policy and an efficient mechanism to the development of the paddy sector in Sri Lankan in each province to increase income of the rural farmers. GENERAL OUTLINE 4. Paddy is widely grown in the all over Sri Lanka and it is a popular food crop among all communities in country. As the labor and other requirements of paddy are high it provides direct employment to a large number of people besides its contribution to indirect employment in input supplies and providing other services associated with the industry. However, there are several constraints that affect the development of paddy crop in Sri Lanka. Among the most important constraints are, high cost of the new technology, low productivity of paddy land, and high disease prevalence in paddy growing areas due to prevailing conductive environment for disease occurrences STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5. The statement of problem can divided in to two major parts: a. Social Presently at the country most of farmers are using Traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka and it will effect for there personnel income with out using new technology b. Economic Without using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka will not enable to increase of production in agriculture. Mal usage of the modern technology caused low productivity in local agriculture SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6 This research attempts to identify the relationship between the traditional agriculture and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka and the number of farmers who had abandoned the cultivating of paddy. The research will focus only on the paddy farmers in Sri Lanka and the benefits of using new technology in traditional agriculture. JUSTIFICATION 7. As it effects to the national income of the country it is reasonable to do a research on this topic. 8. As it effect to the loosing of jobs in agricultural field it is a responsibility of the government to look in to this problem. 9. As the agriculture is the oldest traditional occupation in Sri Lanka it is very much needed to research on this field and its out come. OBJECTIVES General Objectives 10. The general objective, this research is to study increase production by using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka Specific Objectives 11. The following objectives are identified. a. To study what is the traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka. b. To study technology used for traditional agriculture and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka. c. To examine traditional paddy farming cultivation of paddy in Sri Lanka and its increase drastic production. c. Agro biodiversity and related traditional systems. d. Recommendations based on the findings. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 12. Use of new technology will enable drastic increase of the production of traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 1. This study will be based on a survey. The data will be gathered from primary and secondary sources to analyse the situation and the data obtained from Agriculture department and other relevant source Primary Source 2. A literature survey will be carried out by referring various types of articles, books and World Wide Web to gather information on the field of the paddy cultivation and data gathered by agriculture department and other agriculture research centres ORGANIZATION OF THE PAPER 3. Since the main idea of this study in to analyze that there is specific relationship between the diminishing trend of yield and the trend of abundance of paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka, the paper analyses this relationship and its effect to the paddy farming. The first chapter introduces the subject and other details of the research. In the second chapter contains the History Methodology Organization of the paper Data collection method Limitation. In the fifth chapter all gathered data are analysed and the last chapter contains findings, recommendations and conclusion SAMPLING 4. Selected 10 paddy farmers randomly to represent every part of the country who are currently engaged in the paddy cultivation. DATA COLLECTION METHOD 5. The source of data collections is details gathered from the Government Officials those who are engaging in the cultivation. Further, past statistics were collected from the Hector Kobbekaduwa agriculture Research Centre in Colombo, and the Public Library in Colombo LIMITATIONS 6. a. proceeding with a research the following limitations was identified. b. The time available to carry out this research was only 3 months. c. Commonly most of the farmers were not in the position of giving accurate figures regarding their individual farm management. CHAPTER 3 WHAT IS TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE IN SRI LANKA 1. Rainfall and its variation Sri Lanka is a tropical country, but climate of the country shows variation across the Island due to differences in rainfall, elevation and soil factors. Further, the central hill masses, which act as an orographic barrier and the Indian Ocean, surrounding the Island also influence the climate of Sri Lanka. 2. The rainfall of Sri Lanka shows seasonal fluctuations and is dependent on mostly monsoon, Four precipitation seasons are clear in Sri Lanka, namely southwest monsoon from mid-May to September call Yala season, northeast monsoon from December to February call Maha season and two inter-monsoon periods, the first and second inter-monsoons last from March to mid May and from October to November respectively. Total annual rainfall of the country varies from 750 to 5000 mm two broad climatic regions, namely the dry and wet zones are recognized based on total annual rainfall and distribution of dry months. The rainfall is one of the significant factors for determining agricultural land use as well as use of various genetic resources. The distribution pattern of rainfall throughout the year is further important than the total annual rainfall. The rainfall distribution in the majority areas of Sri Lanka is markedly seasonal. Seasonal distribution of rainfall and distribution of wet and dry months in different climatic zones influence the type of paddy grown by farmers in different seasons. The bi-model pattern of rainfall distribution is characteristic of the wet zone whereas the dry zone exhibits a uni-model rainfall pattern. The rainy season of the wet zone lasts from May to November (7 months) which is much shorter in the dry zone (3-4 months; October to January). In the dry zone, southwest monsoon allows only a small crop (Yala season) whereas the main season (Maha) is effectively the wet season. Cropping patterns, farming practices and genetic resource utilization are markedly different according to this rainfall distribution patterns along with the other factors. 3. Agro ecological zones Agricultural land use and land management necessities at a given location depend on the climatic conditions together with soil properties and conditions. The areas with similar climatic and soil conditions are identified and demarcated as agro ecological regions. Twenty-four agro ecological regions based on rainfall, elevation and soil types are demarcated in Sri Lanka Agro ecological classification is very useful since it provides basic climatic and edaphic differences of the country for various agricultural productions and farming practice. 4. Agro biodiversity and related traditional systems Genetic assets or germplasm are biological resources of animal, plant and microbes that contain the hereditary information required for life and are responsible for their useful property and ability to replicate. Agro biodiversity can be defined as selection and variability of animal plant and microbial organisms on earth that are for main food and agriculture. It is a key subset of genetic resources as it is the basis of food security and an essential feature of farming systems around the world. People have managed genetic resources, selecting crops, harvesting medicinal plants etc. Genetic resources remain the basis for the improvement of agricultural crops, for medicines of about 75% of the world population that relies upon traditional, largely plant-based, treatments for its primary healthcare, and for a myriad of other products such as pharmaceuticals, crop protection products and perfumes. 5. Agriculturally used domestic plants have been basically altered from their wild relatives and they have been reshaped to meet human being needs and wants. Paddy genetic resources and agro biodiversity is the product of thousands of years of evolutionary process. There are two types of selection distinguish crop evolution in Sri Lanka namely natural and artificial. These evolutionary processes continue in order to agriculture systems to remain viable. Paddy evolution has been altered by our enhanced ability to produce, locate and access genetic stuff. Both farmers and scientists have relied on the store of genetic diversity present in paddy plants that has been accumulate by hundreds of generations who have observed, selected, multiplied, store, traded and kept variants of paddy plants. 6. Sri Lanka is well thought out as a valuable repository of crop germplasm and agro biodiversity. These varieties show great adaptability to a large range of climatic and soil conditions and pest and infection problems. They also exhibit difference in grain size and quality some with medicinal property and fragrance and others that are used for cultural and formal procedure reasons and also show differences in maturity period. The existence of genetic and species diversity has special significance for the maintenance and improvement of productivity in agricultural crops in Sri Lanka which is characterized by very varied agro-climaticand diverse growing situation. Such variety provides safekeeping for the farmer against disease, pests, drought and other stresses. The genetic variety also allows farmers to develop the full range of highly various microenvironments in the country, conflicting in characteristics such as soil, water, warmth, elevation, slope and fertility. 7. The occurrence of heterogeneous agro ecological situation with seasonal and inter annual difference, socio-cultural and ethnic differences, application of different traditional paddy farming practices including dry and wet land paddy farming, deliberate and inadvertent selection of variety and a choice of systems of beliefs allow to develop various indigenous and traditional paddy cultivation practices and techniques for selection, maintenance and utilization of planting materials. 8. Furthermore these traditional paddy farmers represent centuries of accumulated experience and skills of peasants who often continuous yields under adverse paddy farming environment using locally available resources. The establishment for such paddy farming is comprised of the traditional landraces. Landraces are crop plant populations that have not been bred as variety but have been modified throughout years of natural and artificial variety to the conditions under which they are paddy cultivated. Maintenance of species and genetic diversity in farmers fields is essential to sustainable agriculture, especially for resource-poor farmers practicing agriculture under low-input conditions in marginal lands. Aboriginal knowledge has been brought down from generation to generation and forms part of the information base for a culture. The indigenous knowledge can be defined as local information that is unique to a given civilization or society. Each society has a variety of type of aware ness systems. Indigenous people have a great knowledge of the ecosystem they live in and ways to guarantee that natural resources are used sustainably. Therefore, indigenous awareness which has been accumulating over hundred years has potential value for sustainable development. It can help other people to learn how to live in the natural world in a sustainable approach as well as to increase agronomic practices for paddy cultivation and utilization of materials. 9. The agricultural landscape of the country consists mainly cultivation of rice (780,000 ha), plantation crops such as tea, rubber, coconut, sugarcane, spices (772,000 ha), vegetables (110,000 ha), other field crops (128,000 ha) and home gardens (98,000 ha). Sri Lankas farming systems, particularly rice, other field crops and home gardening have evolved over thousands of years including a rich array of farming systems and cultivated plants such as grains, vegetables, fruits, spices and livestock. New local cultivars have been developed in the agriculture sector formally and informally. In addition, many farmers have selected local landraces. The long history of cultivation, presence of cultural diversity and wide range of eco-edaphic conditions present in the country have resulted in a wide variety of farming practices in Sri Lanka. The following section describes the traditional farming principles and systems reported in Sri Lanka during the survey. TRADITIONAL AND ORGANIC PADDY FARMING SYSTEMS 10. Lowland paddy farming. The most widely practiced farming system in Sri Lanka is lowland paddy farming. Lowland can be defined as areas, which receive enough water or which can be irrigated. The lowland also called Wel yaya and is mainly cultivated with rice. In lowlands, rice is the dominant crop both in terms of land use and dietary importance, and it has been the backbone of Sri Lankas agriculture over 2500 years. Lowland paddy farming is started with deep ploughing to create a hard pan at the onset of rain or with irrigated water. Harrowing and leveling under submerged conditions follow ploughing. Initiation of agricultural operations is begun at an auspicious time with special ceremony and rituals. Sowing, transplanting, weeding, pest and disease control, water management, manuring (with compost, cow dung and green matter from plant bio mass) and harvesting are other main operations involved in rice farming and each component has special traditional methods and performances. 11. Upland (organic) paddy cultivation. Upland can be defined as land above the water sources, which therefore can be cultivated only under rain fed conditions or by providing lift irrigation. Following ploughing, the land up to two inches using buffalo and traditional plough, seed paddy soaked overnight is sown when rain is expected. The soil is mixed using a fork. This method increases the soil nutrients and water retention / absorption capacity of soil. Sometimes, broadcast field is covered with straw as mulch, which enhances weed control, soil moisture and nutrient retention. When grasses and hedges are grown in the field, they are cut and allowed to dry for incorporating in the field. The field is turned using hoe. Two to three weeks after turning, harrowing is done. Then seed is broadcast during mild rain. Intensity of management practices such as chemical weeding, fertilising, chemical pest and disease control are very low in this system. Water management is entirely dependent on rainfall. Usually, only is Maha season cultivated with paddy. CHAPTER 4 WHAT IS THE MORDEN AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES IN SRI LANKA 1. Utilization of modern technology in agriculture and related industries can be categorized in several ways. In this study it is being categorized according to the type of streams of technology used. The main areas of technology which are being using in Sri Lankan Paddy farming can be identified as follows: ELECTRO-MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS 2. Mechanization of agronomic practices: This includes the crop cultural practices from seed sawing to harvesting In paddy farming the first main step is pre planting land preparation and that is been mechanised with tractors including two wheels and four wheels, ploughs, rotervators, harrows etc. In Sri Lanka this step is highly mechanised specially in commercial paddy farming.Seed sawing or crop establishment is the next main step in paddy farming. There are two main methods called direct seeding and transplanting. Sophisticated machines as well as simple machines are available for the both methods. Still Sri Lankan farming community does not use hi-tech methods for this step The next main step which is been mechanised in paddy farming is harvesting and harvest cleaning. Wide range of machines are using for this process. That includes very sophisticated machines like combine harvesters which harvest, thresh and clean the harvest at once in the paddy field itself 3. Mechanization of post harvesting activities Technology is been using in this step for storing, weighing, threshing, boiling, cleaning and polishing rice. 4. Biological improvements New paddy verities Almost all paddy farmers except very few isolated farmers cultivate improved varieties. The paddy verities been improved for high yield, to minimise lodging, to gain resistively for pest and diseases. This improved the per acre yield in the country over the last three decades 5. New breading technologies New breeding technologies like genetic engineering, germplasm transplants, mutations, selective breeding are extensively using for develop new verities 6. Biological pest and diseases control methods Biological pest and disease control methods are promoting extensively among the farming community to minimize the threat for the environment and as effective and sustainable control method. These include usage of plant extracts as repellents and insecticides, introduction of parasitic insects, introduction of insect pathogens, introduction of sterile technologies etc. 7. Chemical improvements a. Fertilizer This became one of the key inputs of farming and the new improved varieties are highly sensitive for fertilizers. Improvement of fertilizers including chemical components, slow releasing fertilisers like chelates, development of new fertilizer ratios, mixing methods can be considered under this. b. Insecticides Development of new environmental friendly verities like Aparathyroid, new types, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this. c. Herbicides Development of new environmental friendly verities, new types like selective weedicides, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this d. Fungicides Fungal attacks can be effectively controlled by application of fungicides. Development of new environmental friendly verities, new types, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this. There are no effective chemical control methods for bacterial and viral diseases CHAPTER 5 DATA ANALYZING Yield Statistics. Year Insecticides Fungicides Chemical Fertilizer 1985 415,638 221,164 32,542 1986 457,549 208,597 18,167 1987 368,498 158,651 15,590 1988 443,321 176,847 14,682 1989 413,378 156,547 30,020 1993 476,839 171,594 22,361 1994 540,838 192,340 32,204 1995 539,903 228,063 31,814 1996 434,967 144,959 26,426 1997 422,805 142,814 27,455 1998 514,241 224,636 49,147 1999 585,579 266,120 61,636 2000 629,275 238,987 74,975 2001 591,142 201,707 95,397 2002 633,964 256,770 104,992 2003 767,484 291,370 160,973 2004 630,014 243,375 156,232 2005 752,075 311,986 166,811 2006 717,539 282,688 166,434 2007 654,251 215,578 180,315 2008 840,024 345,890 237,490 2009 796,301 353,848 298,816 Figure 3.1 Annual local productions of Usage of new improved varieties during the period of 1985-2009 Figure 3.2 cultivation extent (Ha) of old and new varieties during the period of 1979-2009 Figure -3.3 growth in average (kg/Ha) paddy yield Technology statistics: Usage of Tractors etc. Figure 3.4 Annual local productions of Usage of Tractors etc during the period of 1979-2008 Agro chemicals usage over the time Figure 3.5 Agro chemicals usage over the timeduring the period of 2001-2007 CHAPTER 5 FINDING RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION FINDINGS 1. During the survey it was found that the main problem faced by farmers in Sri Lanka was the insufficient average of traditional agricultural yield. Further high cost of technology , lack of high quality seeds, cost of cultivation, Non awareness of technology and low market prices were the another identified problems in this area. Further I found that following strengths and weaknesses while observing the traditional and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka. a. Production possibilities and potentialities are tremendous in the country. b. Increase of local food production is an urgent need. c. It is pre requisites for acceleration of agricultural transformation and economic growth in the country. d. Production directly affects on the increase of farmers income. e. Increase of production will reduce the level of malnutrition. f. Production market is sensitive areas that affect the political and economical background of the country. 2. Weakness observed in the paddy farming System. a. Low production of traditional farming system and modern farming productivity has discouraged the farming system. b. Land and soil degradation are leading factors for the decision of abundance of paddy farming. c. High Cost of Production has discouraged the farmers. e. here is a wide gap between the potential level and farmer yields. f. Inadequate technology transfer at village level farms. CONCLUSION 3. The general tone of the conclusion of this paper identifies that there are many obstacles and problems in paddy cultivation as well as many opportunities and potentialities for improving the high average of yield in modern and traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka. Modern Agricultural sector plays a very important role in contributing to the economy of the country. Agriculture represent 13% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rice is the main staple food in Sri Lanka. Paddy sector contributes 16.5 % of the GDP of the agriculture sector. Paddy farmers represent considerable percentage of the labor force of the country. Rice is the oldest crop on earth and rice is the main consumer food in Sri Lanka and the main substitute for rice is the wheat flour. Every Government has identified the importance of the Paddy industry in Sri Lanka. Mahaweli Project is the one of the most successive project done in the country to increase the land available for the paddy cultivation. Howeve r farmers in rural provinces faced many hardships to obtain adequate harvest and revenue from paddy cultivation and other crop cultivation due to lack of new technology. 4. Presently at the country most of farmers are using Traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka and it will effect for there personnel income with out using new technology. Also without using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka will not enable to increase of production in agriculture. Mal usage of the modern technology caused low productivity in local agriculture 5. Thus hypotheses of this research can be proven. RECOMMENDATION 6. Implementing programme which can be help for the purpose of the training about new agriculture technology with an aim of encouraging the rest of potion of farming population for new method of farming. 7. Introduction a mechanize system through agriculture department and relevant authority for remote farmers to reach new technology writhing short period of time with its proper efficiency. 8. changing of attitudes in remote farmers towards use of new technology a they are in strongly believe that modern technology can harm there traditional system of agriculture and socio-culture values which they have being practicing for long time of period. 9. Arranging possible educational programme to educate many of farmers about positive impact on the harvest where they will not be reaching through traditional method of agriculture. 10. in order to prevent the risk of loosing traditional occupation in the field of agriculture by using new modern mechanization farmer should be encourage to change their box thinking and seek for positive and possible alternative job opportunities regarding and relevant to the field of agriculture as starting of business of chemical, agriculture equipment, machinery repair and ext. 11. Government should involve specially in this problem with the purpose of upgrading the productivity which can strongly correlated to the national economy as follows. a. implementing the infrastructure specially in remote area b. opening buying centre where farmers can obtain stable income through out the year c. government should provide to facilitate technical support relevant to agricultural industry on free or low cost basis BIBILIOGRAPHY 1. Activating All Powers in Sri Lanka Agriculture- G.K. Upawansa and Rukman Wagachchi 2. Handy guide to agriculture by Dr. Thilak T. Ranasinghe 3. Directory of Research Centers in Sri Lanka 4. National Agricultural Information Network 5. A Policy Rule for the Liberalization of Agriculture in Sri Lanka HN Thenuwara 6. Rice production on acid soils of the tropics by EN Ponnamperuma 7. Harti agricultural commodity review 2006 8. Harti agricultural commodity review 2007 9. Harti agricultural commodity review 2008

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Free Awakening Essays: The Creole Men of The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Creole men of The Awakening Ã‚ Thesis: In Kate ChopinÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, The Awakening the characters of the Creole men are diverse and different as the character Edna. Most of Kate ChopinÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s stories center around a Woman unsatisfied with her position in life, while living in a man dominated society. The three main characters are typical men of that era. Chopin shows the diversity in each of those three characters. Roberts awakening, and the struggle to do what is the right thing. Alcee and how he is carefree and not concerned with societyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s expectations of him, and so has a reputation. Mr. Pontiller, a business man first and foremost, with little left for wife and family. Robert did the right and noble thing by leaving to go to Mexico so as to not have to see the object of his forbidden love. Alcee seeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Edna as another one of his conquest, and does not give up, pursuing her at all cost. Alcee has not concern of what society thinks of him so he is able to do as he pleases. Mr. Pontieller, while h e believes himself to be a kind husband, is a typical businessman of the era. He wants his wife to obey him. He wants the perfect Creole wife, one who can help him excel in the business world he loves so much. In exploring these three men in Kate ChopinÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s The Awakening, there are certain aspects of each, while different, the same. All live in the 1800Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s were morale reputation was considered to be the utmost importance to the Sommerer ii businessman, yet, Alcee seems unconcerned with any morale or business responsibility. In exploring the character of Robert who seems to be at a crossroad in his life. Search for his fortune, find a wife, prosper and be respectable, or, do the unthinkable and follow his heart. Sommerer iii Creole Men In The Awakening: Mr. Pontellier is the typical Creole husband and businessman. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leonce is convinced that fulfilling monetary needs excuses the paucity of time he spends with the children, never presuming that some needs cannot be mone tarily satisfied: {Ã¢â‚¬Å"He has his hands full with his brokerage business Ã¢â‚¬ ¦making a living for his family on the streetÃ¢â‚¬ (885)} Even to himself, LeonceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s thought smack of the self-pity of the empowered. Perhaps because he is aware of his own neglect, Leonce projects his guilt onto Edna, expecting flawless mammal performance on her part to remedy his domestic absence.

Friday, October 11, 2019

The Development Of Credit Unions

A credit union is a member owned member controlled not-for-profit cooperative financial institution. Credit unions were formed to provide loans to its members at lower rates of interest than would be other wise available. The first credit union was formed by a group of farmers in Belgium, 1848, during a period of severe economic depression. Townspeople pulled their money together to provide loans to each other. This cooperative approach helped farmers avoid paying the high rates being charged by Ã¢â‚¬Å"loan sharksÃ¢â‚¬ . These loans enabled a farmer to buy the necessities to plant a crop or to help members buy coal in bulk at lower prices. At the time of their origins the only financial assistance available was the local moneylenders. At the time of the depression people who took out loans were forced to pay expensive interest rates. Credit Unions serve low-income people. A personÃ¢â‚¬ s ability (income) to repay is considered more important than the desire to sustain the assets of the credit union. Members are borrowing their own money and that of their peers. By 1900 the first financial cooperative idea had spread from Germany to Canada. Canadas successful efforts influenced two Americans. Pierre Jay the Massachusetts bank commissioner and Edward A. Filene a Boston merchant. These two men helped organized public hearings on the credit union legislative in Massachusetts. This led the establishment of the first Credit Union Act in the United States in 1909. The growth of credit unions across the U.S. was slow. Fewer than 10 states passed credit union laws. 1934 Congress passed the Federal Credit Union Act. This act set the basic structure, which governs credit unions today, examples: Member control is democratically exercised regardless of the number of shares held. Loans, which are primary investment for credit union, are made exclusively to members. A board of directors supervises management By 1935 38 states and the District of Columbia had laws permitting the establishment of credit union and over 3,000 were in existence. In 1970Ã¢â‚¬ ³s credit unions were battling with the government for federal share insurance and the campaign for national fund to support the community developed credit unions (CDCU). In 1970 congress established the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) an independent agency responsible for regulating and chartering federal credit unions and NCUA and Congress also established the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. This enabled the NCUA to insure the shares of all the federal and state credit unions. In 1978 the Federal Credit Union Act was amended to establish a three-member board, appointed by the president, to head NCUA. Nationally, there are almost 11,000 credit unions with over 73 million members. The Credit Union National Association (CUNA) is the national trade for credit unions. In addition, there are 50 state credit union leagues and leagues for the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The credit union movement is growing throughout the world, including third-world countries and Europe where people need assistance with setting up consumer finance systems. There are over 37,000 credit unions worldwide in 87 nations with over 88 million members.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

6.05 Rate and Collision Theory Essay

Does surface area affect dissolving of Alka-Seltzer tablets? Materials: 1. solo cups 2. Alka-Seltzer tablets 3. Timer 4. Measuring Cup 5. Thermometer Procedures: 1. I placed out two of my solo cups on the counter 2. Then I put 1 cup of room temperature water into each cup. 3. Then put one Alka-Seltzer Tablet in one cup and time it until it dissolves completely. 4. In the second cup I put in a crushed up Alka- Seltzer tablet and timed it until it dissolved. 5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 one more time. Crushed Alka-Seltzer 21.86 seconds 23.52 seconds Whole Alka-Seltzer 29.15 seconds 35.33 seconds Discussion and Conclusion: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. What two factors did you investigate in your procedure, and why did you choose to compare these two factors? The two factors I investigated were surface area and Alka-Seltzer. I decided to pick those if the surface area made the Alka-seltzer dissolves faster. 2. What other factors did you need to control during your investigation? Explain how you controlled each one in your procedure. Factors that I needed to control in my experiment was the temperature of water, how many Alka-Seltzer tablets to put in, and how much water to use in the cups. I had a thermometer to make sure that when I done my two trials that they both had the same temperature of water, I only put one tablet per cup, and I made sure to have the same amount of water in each cup I used. 3. What was your prediction about the results of each factor tested in your two lab procedures? Explain your predictions based on your knowledge of the dissolving process, collision theory, and reaction rates. My predictions of the results on this lab were right. I figured that if the Alka-Seltzer were crushed up it would make it more easier to dissolve since they were in little pieces instead of one big tablet. 4. In your own words, explain the collision theory, and what is necessary for a collision to be successful? Collision theory is a theory that when molecules collide in a certain way with the certain amount of energy they start to form new substances. 5. A specific catalyst was not provided for this reaction, but catalysts are useful for increasing the rate of many slow reactions. In your own words, give a detailed explanation of how catalysts can increase the rate of a reaction or process? Catalysts can increase the rate of a reaction or process because they help speed things up by reducing the amount of energy required for the reaction to happen.

Race Racism and Society Essay

Race racism and society What do you consider the most convincing theoretical explanation for racism in society today? Whilst there are many theories for why racism exists in society today, in my essay I will be discussing what theories have emerged to explain racism in society today and what reasons sociologists put forward for this. Racism: what does this word mean? Where did this word come from, when it was originally used? I will also discuss the word race and what it means and how it differs from ethnicity, discussing the effects of the word. I will be discussing the theories behind racism in society today. My aim is to create an understanding of racism in society, where and how it came about and why it is still such a great issue in society today. I will talk about sociologist views, why some of them dispute that racism is even a real word. I will be exploring the history of race and racism. Finally, I will conclude the theories that I have found which hold the best understanding of the effects of raci sm and why it still exists. Racism Ã¢â‚¬Å"RacismÃ¢â‚¬ said to believe that race accounts for the differences in human beings, whether it be for their character or for their own personal ability. This suggests that perhaps a particular race is above others. Ã¢â‚¬Å"RacismÃ¢â‚¬ when there is intolerance between two people of different racial backgrounds, purely based on the colour of their skin. There is also something called discrimination, which is when there are differences between two people based on the ethnicity or sexual preferences. Racism is said to be happening in day-to-day life, however many of us fail to recognise racism as we do not think anything of it. Police often accused of being racist when they carry out stop and search; people accuse them of stopping ethnic minority people more, studies such as the study by the guardian carried out to prove that there is some truth in this. (V Dodd; 2012, study) In addition, there are many videos up on the renowned YouTube where people are having rants about Ã¢â‚ ¬Å"immigrants and coloured peopleÃ¢â‚¬ in the country. Some of these examples classed as racism however failed to identify as racism in daily life as it is happening so often. Ã¢â‚¬Å"British women arrested for racist rant on tramÃ¢â‚¬ (YouTube) this shows that there is proof of racism in daily life. This theory argues that class based conflict is due to an inherent and important part of society. These theorists thus argue that racial and ethnic conflict tied to class conflict and that in order to reduce racial and ethnic conflict; class conflict must be reduced. (Anderson M L, 2009) These three theories provide an insight on what sociologist think of racism in society and how they view the reasoning behind racism in society today. It shows that there are different opinions as to why there is racism in society today. The most popular theory is the interaction theory; many people think that ethnic minorities grouped in areas and make their own society distancing themselves from other societies preventing them from learning and mixing wit h the British culture and society. Race V.s Ethnicity The definition between race and ethnicity is actually different. The term Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ is usually referred to as a group of people who are sharing the same physical or biological characteristics, especially skin colour, ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, cultural history, ethnic classification, and the social, economic and political needs of a society at a given period of time. However, sociologists tend to reject the idea that Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ is a scientifically valid concept (this is why Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ is normally in inverted commas by most sociologists.) (Bernasconi; 2001). Ã¢â‚¬Å"Race simply cannot be tested or proven scientifically,Ã¢â‚¬ according to biologists (Hall 1999 p101). On the other hand, ethnicity refers to the nationality, culture, beliefs, and ancestors. There is much confusion between these two words as people tend to class race and ethnicity as one but it is two different concepts. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Many people like to make ethnic distinctions as well as national distinctions to hold onto their ethnic culture and identity.Ã¢â‚¬ (P.Essed; 1991) Theories There are many theories that can explain the use of racism in society today; however, I have chosen a few that have proved to be the most convincing theories. These theories give background on why these factors are a cause for racism in our society today. Many people believe that there is racism in society today due to the amount of immigrants in the country, living in the UK illegally, Ã¢â‚¬Å"taking all the jobs, and claiming the benefits. In addition, people believe that white people have more rights in the UK over any non-whites whether they are British born or not.Ã¢â‚¬ (J Ghosh; 2011) This is one of the theories on why racism exists in society today and the recession has not helped as this has developed a lack of jobs and money in the society and benefits have become harder to qualify due to new cuts by the new leading political groups. Many believe that ethnic minorities such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pakistanis, Muslims, Indians, Iraqis donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t deserve to be here because they do nothin g at all for our country and get free housing, food and they have their own country.Ã¢â‚¬ Immigrants can be scapegoated for economic problems, as they are an easy target when people believe they have no sense of belonging in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s British society. Racism may also exists due to political beliefs this is also possible, as political movements such as the EDL (English defence league) combined with the national front have created a group that influences thousands to join their group to make Britain an all-white country because they believe non-whites do not belong in this society. This causes racism amongst society members as they can go to the extremes. The EDL riots held mainly in non-white populated areas, some of their most famous riots have been conducted in Bradford, a very Asian populated place. These riots have had thousands of police involved to prevent them spiralling out of control and are called peaceful protests however do not remain peaceful for very long as there is always conflict. This suggests that there are many people involved in causing difference s between the white and non-white people even today. A theory still exists in the sociological world that suggests that racism will be around until we voice and accept that all ethnic minority groups are different. Racism will continue to exist because we all strive for equality, however we fail to realise that whether we are from different ethnic backgrounds or not we are all in fact different. (W Spisak; 2007) The other theories that have emerged for the reasons behind racism today are the fact that people fear for their own security, this suggests that the media who impose these stereotypes on people such as; Ã¢â‚¬Å"Afghans Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Because they hijack planes and kill people.Ã¢â‚¬ ; Ã¢â‚¬Å"People in Iraq Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ did horrible non-forgivable actions!Ã¢â‚¬ In addition, racism could be due to the indifference that we have between the other and the white majority; people dislike difference such as colour difference, cultural differences. In a survey 60% of people want less black and Asian immigration, this may have been due to immigration rise and the recession. (Young; 1995) Psychological theories claim that racism is a form of extreme prejudice and is a manifestation. Some psychologists also claim that there is a distinct personality type that is inclined to adopt racist attitudes; however, this has never been proven. (Blackscademy; 2005) Social identity theory maintains that individuals naturally strive for positive self-image, and the process of categorising people into in-groups and out-groups enhances social identity. In other words, social psychologists have a tendency to see no need to look outside. Cultural stories and everyday social customs can promote racism. An example of this is when parents want their child to only marry within their own race and culture because they do not want a mixed race child in the family or they may find it difficult to get along with a different cultured family and so forth. This in itself tends to perpetuate racism. Sociologist views Sociologists such as Marxist disagree that racism is because of inherent human tendency. Marxist believes that is a fictitious concept which has become a big part of society, however according to the sociologist Cox racism originates in a practical exploitive relationship, which is used to justify the exploitation of one group by another (O.Cox; 1948) According to Hall racism as a philosophy opposes that there is any natural connection between the way that people look, whether it be the difference in skin colour, hair, eyes or what they think and do. From how intelligent that they are and whether they are good athletes, dancers, workers or not. Also their good characteristics and how they act in society. However, racist people believe that these characteristics in a human being are according to their race and ethnicity background. Halls principle focus is not on the effect of racism; rather how racism is cultivated in our minds, Ã¢â‚¬Å"blacks are not as clever as whitesÃ¢â‚¬ Halls believes that this has never been proved. There are inferior and superior groups in society. For example, if you see dust in the house you clean it, because there is no sense of belonging for it. In the same way, some people want to stay superior by putting ethnic minority down and feel they have no sense of belonging in this society. The reading by Lentin (2008) considers what she refers to as an increasing Ã¢â‚¬ËœsilenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ about Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ within European politics, and particularly the UK despite the persistence of racism, exclusion, and inequality. She writes that racism is part of history and is not present in the world today. Ã¢â‚¬ ¨In the contemporary period- and related to the Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcrisis of multiculturalismÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ there has emerged a popular and political discourse that suggests Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ no longer matters. The election of President Obama in the US is central to a view that argues we are now in an age of Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpost-raceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. In Britain, too such ideas have become dominant. The term Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpost-raceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ captures the way in which politicians and the media, particularly those on the right, argue that systemic racism has been largely eradicated from society. Others argue that we must move beyond Ã¢â‚¬Ëœrace thinkingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ to challenge the power of this form of categorisat ion (Gilroy; 2000) History Racism exists when one ethnic group or historical together dominates a society, which excludes, or attempts to get rid of another because of the differences between them, believed to be genetic or unchangeable differences. An ideological basis for explicit racism ended in the west during the modern period. Before the middle ages, there was no clear indication of racism in Europe or any other cultures. When the devil and witchcraft within the Jews was identified, this is when the first signs of racist views in the world appeared, this was in the early 13/14th century. Official permission for attitudes came later in Spain when Jewish people converted to Christianity due to becoming the victims of discrimination and exclusion from society in the early 16th century. In 1500 and 1600Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Britain had migrated over Indians and Negros to work as servants and sailors in the port towns such as Bristol and Liverpool. Britain made a lot of profit from this very cheap labour and from the sla ve trade that started in the 1600Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s this finally ended in the 1800Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s. In 1792, there were 140 slave ships in Liverpool alone therefore; it is unclear how many there were in other ports. It was much later in the late 19th century that black Caribbean people started migrating to the UK and building their own communities establishing their own lives, which caused a stir amongst the Ã¢â‚¬Å"white BritishÃ¢â‚¬ people. This created new politics amongst the government; they were paying more attention towards Ã¢â‚¬Å"colouredÃ¢â‚¬ workers debating about their rights. During the early 20th century, there was a new phenomenon about racial differences between the black and white people. According to Harris the main theme of the debates surrounded by whether black people created a social problem, according to them there was social decay due to the black population in certain areas where black societies had settled. (J Solomos; 2003) when black peopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights to vote was taken off them even after many regimes had been passed to group them as equal citizens. Ã¢â‚¬Å"The climax of history came in the 20th century in the rise and fall of overtly racist regimesÃ¢â‚¬ Racis m: (G M. Fredrickson; 2002) Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the 1993 elections Racism had a serious impact as the people were already worried about their futures and their jobs, playing on this economic distress, and to deal with the fact that there is growing sentiment that something is deeply wrong with the system, the ruling class used racism to create the perception that the problem is crime and violence, that the criminals are Black and Brown people, especially youth.Ã¢â‚¬ (S Marshall; 2012) Legal Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity laws, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, forbid an employer to treat an applicant or employee differently than others based on race. Hiring, firing, pay rate, promotion, training and benefits cannot differ based on race. Employers and co-workers cannot harass others who are a different race. Derogatory terms, offensive language or racial teasing or comments are illegal. When racism affects employment, it is a crime.Ã¢â‚¬ (Act of 1963) Conclusion All my research suggests that racism still exists because of human mind-sets due to the society in which we are bought up. What kind of upbringing we have, there are also more factors to contribute to racism in society today such our surroundings, political beliefs, media and how they portray ethnic minority reports in their articles and headings and TV. Political groups such as the EDL also inflict thoughts of racism amongst the Ã¢â‚¬Å"BritishÃ¢â‚¬ as they promote a country where only white people live and not a multicultural society. However the theory that I have found to be the most convincing theory behind racism in society today is the increase in immigration which leads to more jobs being taken by ethnic minority, however if you look at the kind of jobs that immigrants have itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the more derogatory jobs such as cleaning. The jobs that the Ã¢â‚¬Å"British whiteÃ¢â‚¬ people do not want to do. Although this is not what the British people see, they believe that the immig rants are seizing all the jobs and money. According to the sociologist, Marxist claims racism does not exist and is just a fictitious concept. On the other hand, Hall argues that racism is due to the lack of understanding from people also telling us that there is no set conclusion for the reasoning behind racism today it all depends on the individual the inferior and superior model for people in society today. The theories that I have found to be most convincing are that racism is because we all strive for equal opportunities and equality generally and we donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t want to admit that there is ethnic differences that we all have to accept. Bibliography Anderson, M.L. and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Bernasconi, R. (2001) Race, Wiley Blackwell Oliver CoxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s 1948 work, Class, Caste and Race presents a Marxist interpretation of Race) George M. Fredrickson (2002) A Short History; Princeton University Paul Gilroy; 2000 Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line Jayati Ghosh; 2011; Fear of Foreigners: Recession and Racism in Europe Hall, Stuart (1999) Ã¢â‚¬Å"Old and New Identities.Ã¢â‚¬ Les Back and John Solomos (eds.), Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader. London: Blackwell Stuart hall; 1997; Race, The Floating Signifier John solomos. (1986) Ã¢â‚¬ËœVarieties of Marxist conceptions of Ã¢â‚¬ËœraceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, class and stateÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, J. Rex and D. Mason (eds.) Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press John Solomos; Second edition, theories of race and racism; 2000; Routledge; pg.76 Alana Lentin; 2008; Racism and Ethnic Discrimination; pg 71-73; Rosen PUBLISHING Scott Marshall; 2012, The Fight Against Racism Today Philomena Essed; 1991; Understanding everyday racism (An interdisciplinary theory) Wendi Spisak; 2007; Why racists still exist Vikram Dodd; (2012) Ã¢â‚¬Å"Police up to 28 times more likely to stop and search black people Ã¢â‚¬â€œ study;Ã¢â‚¬ The Guardian Young; 1995; A literature review for the commission for Racial Equality (CRE);Dr. Nissa Finney and Esme Peach www.blacksacademy.bi2/ba (2005) @font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium 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Racist Rant on Tram Gets British Woman Arrested - YouTube The Young Turks4.2M subscribersSubscribeRacist Rant on Tram Gets British Woman ArrestedWatch laterShareInfoShoppingTap to unmute4:43If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.More videosFull screen is unavailable. 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Please try again later.Switch camera0:000:000:00 / 4:43Liveyt.setConfig({'EVENT_ID': "cmEGXOCDK7Ls7ATQzqSoCA",'VIDEO_ID': "fQKFkxvhG_U",'POST_MESSAGE_ORIGIN': "*",'BG_P': "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