Germans to America - Passengers Arriving at US Ports

Are you researching German immigrants to America during the 19th century? Germans to America, compiled and edited by Ira A. Glazier and P. William Filby, is a series of books which indexes passenger arrival records of ships carrying Germans to the U.S. ports of  Baltimore, Boston, New Orleans, New York, and Philadelphia. It presently covers the  records of over 4 million passengers during  the period January 1850 through Jun 1897. Due to its inclusion criteria, this series is considered to be an incomplete—though fairly thorough—index to German passengers arriving in America during this period. The quality of the transcription varies, but the series is still an excellent research tool for tracking down German immigrant ancestors. If a listing is found in Germans to America, then the original passenger lists should be consulted, as they may contain further details.   Where to Find Germans to America The individual books in the Germans to America series  are fairly pricey, so the best research option is to either find a library with the series (most major genealogical libraries will have it), or locate a database version. The database version created by the Center for Immigration Studies at the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies (the same group that created the published versions) was originally published on CD and is now available for free online from the National Archives and FamilySearch. It is unclear exactly how the data compiled in the Germans to America, 1850–1897 database relates directly to the published volumes.  NARA staff has found that there are ship manifests included in the database that are not included in the respective published volumes, and that there is also a difference in the covered time periods.   The Germans to America Series The first 9 volumes of the Germans to America series indexed only passenger lists of ships that contained at least 80% German passengers. Thus, a number of Germans who came over on ships from 1850–1855 are not included. Beginning with Volume 10, all ships with German passengers were included, regardless of the percentage. However, only those identifying themselves as German are listed; all other passenger names were not transcribed. Volumes 1–59 of Germans to America (through 1890) include arrivals to the major U.S. ports of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston and New Orleans. Beginning in 1891, Germans to America only includes arrivals to the port of New York. Some Baltimore arrivals are known to be missing from Germans to America—see  Why Some Baltimore Passenger Lists are Missing and How to Find Them  by Joe Beine for more information. Vol. 1 Jan 1850 - May 1851 Vol. 35 Jan 1880 - Jun 1880 Vol. 2 May 1851 - Jun 1852 Vol. 36 Jul 1880 - Nov 1880 Vol. 3 Jun 1852 - Sep 1852 Vol. 37 Dec 1880 - Apr 1881 Vol. 4 Sep 1852 - May 1853 Vol. 38 Apr 1881 - May 1881 Vol. 5 May 1853 - Oct 1853 Vol. 39 Jun 1881 - Aug 1881 Vol. 6 Oct 1853 - May 1854 Vol. 40 Aug 1881 - Oct 1881 Vol. 7 May 1854 - Aug 1854 Vol. 41 Nov 1881 - Mar 1882 Vol. 8 Aug 1854 - Dec 1854 Vol. 42 Mar 1882 - May 1882 Vol. 9 Dec 1854 - Dec 1855 Vol. 43 May 1882 - Aug 1882 Vol. 10 Jan 1856 - Apr 1857 Vol. 44 Aug 1882 - Nov 1882 Vol. 11 Apr 1857 - Nov 1857 Vol. 45 Nov 1882 - Apr 1883 Vol. 12 Nov 1857 - Jul 1859 Vol. 46 Apr 1883 - Jun 1883 Vol. 13 Aug 1859 - Dec 1860 Vol. 47 Jul 1883 - Oct 1883 Vol. 14 Jan 1861 - May 1863 Vol. 48 Nov 1883 - Apr 1884 Vol. 15 Jun 1863 - Oct 1864 Vol. 49 Apr 1884 - Jun 1884 Vol. 16 Nov 1864 - Nov 1865 Vol. 50 Jul 1884 - Nov 1884 Vol. 17 Nov 1865 - Jun 1866 Vol. 51 Dec 1884 - Jun 1885 Vol. 18 Jun 1866 - Dec 1866 Vol. 52 Jul 1885 - Apr 1886 Vol. 19 Jan 1867 - Aug 1867 Vol. 53 May 1886 - Jan 1887 Vol. 20 Aug 1867 - May 1868 Vol. 54 Jan 1887 - Jun 1887 Vol. 21 May 1868 - Sep 1868 Vol. 55 Jul 1887 - Apr 1888 Vol. 22 Oct 1868 - May 1869 Vol. 56 May 1888 - Nov 1888 Vol. 23 Jun 1869 - Dec 1869 Vol. 57 Dec 1888 - Jun 1889 Vol. 24 Jan 1870 - Dec 1870 Vol. 58 Jul 1889 - Apr 1890 Vol. 25 Jan 1871 - Sep 1871 Vol. 59 May 1890 - Nov 1890 Vol. 26 Oct 1871 - Apr 1872 Vol. 60 Dec 1890 - May 1891 Vol. 27 May 1872 - Jul 1872 Vol. 61 Jun 1891 - Oct 1891 Vol. 28 Aug 1872 - Dec 1872 Vol. 62 Nov 1891 - May 1892 Vol. 29 Jan 1873 - May 1873 Vol. 63 Jun 1892 - Dec 1892 Vol. 30 Jun 1873 - Nov 1873 Vol. 64 Jan 1893 - Jul 1893 Vol. 31 Dec 1873 - Dec 1874 Vol. 65 Aug 1893 - Jun 1894 Vol. 32 Jan 1875 - Sep 1876 Vol. 66 Jul 1894 - Oct 1895 Vol. 33 Oct 1876 - Sep 1878 Vol. 67 Nov 1895 - Jun 1897 Vol. 34 Oct 1878 - Dec 1879

How Far Does Your Food Travel - 1229 Words

How Far Does Your Food Travel? I’ve learned from the illustrations that common food most people take for granted travels exceptions distances. Grapes for example, travel a grand total of 2,143 miles on average from vineyards to our homes. Due to industrialization food can come from anywhere at anytime through mass retail outlets such as Walmart, Target, Kroger, etc. Without this people would have to wait months for the foods they wanted. The video expressed the mechanized process of shipping and delivering from local to national areas in a relatively short amount of time. As innovation become commonplace in the agricultural industry food becomes alot more accesses to the masses fueling the economy. The Agricultural Revolution: Crash Course World History #1 Fifteen hundred years ago humans primarily gained their food from foraging and hunting. Hunting fish was especially viable since most civilizations settle near the coast, which, provided water, a human necessity. Plant domestication later arisen independently in many of the world’s major agricultural regions. This proved to be a smart decision as it helps sustain a larger population and was useful during times of drought or famine. Certain people could also be designated for agricultural involving tasks which helped develop social classes. In some cases agriculture based civilizations forced other into the job which resulted in slavery. Herding is also a major aspect of agriculture as animals provide meat, and byproductsShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Travelling By Bus1582 Words   |  7 Pagesspend. Zooming off to other lands by plane was the norm. In the past, far more travelers chose to travel by air than land. For som e, travel by bus was never even a consideration. Yet, now more than ever, we are finding that travel by bus can be well worth the price and much more cost efficient. Traveling by bus is a much cheaper option to air travel. 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The Deadweight Loss

Question: HowThe Deadweight loss is caused? Answer: The Deadweight loss is caused by the increased toll, which is in turn the net cost to the society. The net cost to the society is also caused by the fall in the number of cars using the highway. The value of the deadweight loss is as follows:The remaining drivers paid the increased toll which is equal to (0.50 0.40) (40,000). This can be viewed as the transfer from the drivers to the government. (b) The savings of the government is equal to $25,000. This is mainly because the government purchased less concrete, which is counterbalanced by the reduction in surplus received by the producers of concrete. The size of the yearly loss of the producers of concrete is as follows:The usage of less concrete by the government leads to savings that is equal to$25,000 - $250$24,750.The reduction in the budgetary expenditure of the government provides a good approximation of the social value of the savings. It mainly results from the reduction in the procurement of concrete. Both the members as w ell as the non-members of the government who purchased the concrete will mainly gain from it as there has been a 50 percent in the price of the concrete. a) The marginal cost is $25 and it is independent of number of oil changes sold. Therefore, MC curve will be horizontal. The demand curve will be steeper as the price elasticity is less than 1 (Baumol and Blinder 2015). The social cost of hydrocarbon emission in air is $10, therefore, the supply curve (MC). This situation is represented in the following diagram. b) Due to tax imposition, the price of oil change will increase. The revenue of the chain of garages firm before tax imposition was $25 10000= $2,50,000 per year. Due to rise in price, the demand will also increase. The elasticity of demand is -0.5. Due to tax imposition change in price will be $10 per oil change. We know that, Price Elasticity = % Change in Quantity % change in Price.Therefore, % Change in Quantity = Price Elasticity % change in Price% change in Price= (Change in price previous price) 100 = (10 25) 100 = 40%Hence, % Change in Quantity = -0.5 40 = -20%The quantity will reduce by 20%. The changed quantity will be 10,000 (20/100) 10,000 = 10000- 2000 = 8000 oil changes per year. The revenue of the chain of garages firm after tax imposition is $35 8000= $2,80,000 per yearHence, the annual net benefit will be ($2,80,000 - $2,50,000) = $30,000In the absence of government intervention, the firm faces a deadweight loss that results from natural monopoly. It is a situation where one firm dominates the entire market. The natural monopoly arises because the firms cannot easily enter the market due to high cost and economies of scale. Deadweight loss is a situation where the society that includes consumer and producers face loss (Mallick 2014). Two government policies that can reduce the deadweight loss resulting from natural monopolies are:The first policy is to increase the competition in the market by opening new public sectors. New firms will help in reducing the unnecessary rise in the price therefore reducing the loss in consumer surplus. Hence, the firm will reach new equilibrium level where the price is equal to marginal cost and average cost. The second policy that the government can use is by giving subsidies to the producers to reduce the loss in producer surplus. Subsidies again will help in reducing price that in turn will reduce the deadweight loss faced by society (Mallick 2014). c) The main benefit of natural monopolies is cost advantage that it has. Cost advantage in case of large firm is known as economies of scale. It can be explained with a help of a diagram:$5 per hour is the minimum wage that is above the level of market clearing wage $4 per hour. The reservation wage is $1. At market, clearing wage 60 0 people are employed. At $5, the numbers of employed workers are 500 and unemployed workers are 300. Therefore, the supply of employees is 500 + 300 = 800.Due to change in policy, the surplus of the firm has been reduced by the area aihd. The dollar value of this area can be calculated by dcih + acd. (5-4) 500 + (5-4) (600-500) = 500 + 50 = $550Therefore, change in firms surplus is -$550. Due to change in policy, the surplus of the employees will be change from agi to dbgi. The new area dcih will be added to its surplus but it will loss an area of abc. The old surplus of the workers was agi = (4-1) 600= $900.At the minimum wage, the dcih= (5-4) 500 = $500 will be added and abc= acd = $50 will be subtracted from the previous surplus. The total change of workers surplus will be, $500 -$50= +$450. Therefore, the area acd and abc is going neither to firm nor to the employees. Therefore, the area abd is the total loss to the society. The dollar value of this loss is acd + abc= $ 50+ $50 = $100. Hence, deadweight loss due to the minimum wage policy is $100. Various factors affect the cost of building new road. This includes shifting of old gas stations from the older road to new routes. Shifting of gas stations has a heavy impact on the component of cost building of the new road. The factor includes building an appropriate place beside the road for the gas stations. Gas stations are built at a place where there is a provision for reservoirs to store the gas. The place should be safe and it should be easily accessible to the vehicles. The gas stations must have proper roads and facilities to deliver the gas to the vehicles. These requires high amount of manufacturing costs and the government had to build these provisions for the gas stations. The government also had to put up signboard and directions of the petrol pump, so that the vehicles can have an idea of the newly built petrol pumps. Another important factor that would be treated as a component of the c ost of building the new road is showing these petrol pump in the maps and GPRS system (Li et al. 2013). The government had to communicate with the respective departments to upgrade the locations of the new petrol pump. Another factor that could be treated as a component of the cost of building new road is demolishing the old petrol pumps and the carrying cost of the gas from the old stations to new stations. These factors require high safety measures. They are highly priced, thereby increasing the cost of building. In the case of the society, the cost-benefit analysis is a logical method that helps a society to make a decision related to any complicated issue. The cost-benefit analysis is mainly based on the cost of action compared to its benefit. The increased sales of the local business can be assessed by calculating as well as considering the benefits against the cost. In this case, the analyst needs to consider the relevant period of time (Roosen 2014).The analyst needs to estab lish the base as well as the relevant period in order to calculate the cost and the benefit. The local business will be benefited from the Raven games if the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost. In the above diagram, it can be seen that the marginal cost equals the marginal benefit at the point Q. The surplus is highest at the equilibrium that is at point 1. At this point, the marginal benefit will be less than the marginal cost. However, at point -1 the marginal benefit will more than the marginal cost and as a result, the surplus will be lost. This will in turn lead to inefficiency. The welfare mothers are required to pay only $3 every day for a child. However, this service requires the welfare mothers to wait for a longer period. The welfare mother agrees to wait for that long, which suggests that the welfare mothers have the willingness to pay over $3 each day in order to acquire this service. As a result, the welfare mother who gets the benefit of day care service by rece iving the service will consider this service valuable of more than $30,000. However, none of the welfare mothers has the willingness to pay $30 for a child on each day basis. This in turn suggests the value that the value received by the welfare mothers is less than $30,000. The welfare mothers who are not willing to pay the amount cannot be forced to do so due to the lack of the information and the benefits of the program. Thus, it can be concluded that the welfare mothers have the probability to be substantial over either $3,000 or less than $3,000. a) The revenue of the municipality is Price Quantity.The revenue of the municipality when it charges no admission fee for the hockey arena is ($0 300) = $0. The area ADF is entirely obtained by the visitors.The revenue of privately owned hockey arena that charges $5 for admission is, ($5 100) =$500. The area BCDE is the revenue collected by the privately owned hockey arena. b) The demand curve indicates that the price and quantity a re inversely related to each other, as price rises from zero the number of visitors falls. In future, the privately owned hockey arena will prefer to charge admission fee rather than no admission fee. This is because; with no admission fee, the number of visitors will be higher but the firm will earn no benefit from the hockey arena. If it charges some admission fee above the $0, it will gain revenue, i.e. gross benefit from the hockey arena. However, the benefits of the visitors will be decreased. Due to imposition of admission fee, the quantity that is the number of visitors will be reduced. If the price is too high, there will be no visitors and the gross benefit will be zero again (Eggert et al. 2014). Hence, the private hockey arena will charge a price, where it can maximize its gross benefit. The obligation of the import tax will have the effect on the domestic oil market that is given as follows:The quantity consumption and its change:-1 = ( q / p) (p/q) q = (-1) p (q / p) q = (- 1) ($ 30) (6 billion) / ($ 90) q = - 2 billion. Domestic supply and its change for oil: 0.25 = ( q / p) (p / q) q = (0.25) p (q / p) q = (0.25) ($30) (3 billion) / ($90) q = 0.25 billion. The imposition of the import fee leads the domestic consumption to fall to 5.8 billion barrel per year. The domestic production will rise to 3.25 billion barrels per year. Imposition of import fees will lead the imports to fall to 2.55 billion barrels per year (5.8 billion 3.25 billion). The four simple methods that can be used to predict the impact of demand and supply curve when it is not available are given below:a) On getting an idea about the equilibrium price and quantity of the object, the demand and supply of that object could be predicted from the equilibrium point of price and quantity. Example: Suppose that the demand and supply curve of rice for a country is unavailable. The equilibrium price and quantity of the rice of that country is determined (Baumeister and Peersman 2 013). The demand and supply of rice is predicted from this equilibrium point.b) On knowing the surplus and shortages of any object, the demand and supply of that object could be predicted. Example: On considering the country Nigeria, there is shortage of food whereas the population is high. It can be predicted that the demand of food is high whereas there is a shortage of supply of food.c) Seeing the impact of change in equilibrium of price and quantity, the demand and supply of the object could be predicted.Example: Change in the price of oil globally helps to predict the demand and supply of oil in the world. d) Knowing the circular flow model of the product gives an overview about the impact of the demand and supply.Example: Circular flow model of sales of cars gives an idea about the impact of demand and supply of cars. References Baumeister, C. and Peersman, G., 2013. Time-varying effects of oil supply shocks on the US economy.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,5(4), pp.1-28.Baumol, W.J. and Blinder, A.S., 2015. Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning.Eggert, A., Hogreve, J., Ulaga, W. and Muenkhoff, E., 2014. Revenue and profit implications of industrial service strategies. Journal of Service Research, 17(1), pp.23-39.Li, Y.Y., Chen, P.H., Chew, D.A.S., Teo, C.C. and Xu, Y.Q., 2013. Project Management Factors Affecting Green Building Projects: Case Study of Singapore. InApplied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 357, pp. 2346-2352). Trans Tech Publications.Mallick, N.C., 2014. Applications of Price Gap and Adjustment Weights in Analyzing a Natural Monopoly with a Linear Decreasing Marginal Cost Function. Available at SSRN 2431538.Roosen, J., 2014. Cost-Benefit Analysis. In Risk-A Multidisciplinary Introduction (pp. 309-331). Springer International Publishing.

Gender specific health issues in Medium Human Development Countries

Left Brain Right Brain and Its Effect on Study Habits

Left Brain Right Brain and Its Effect on Study Habits What does it mean to be left-brain dominant or right-brain dominant? Scientists have explored theories about the two hemispheres of the brain and the ways that they differ in function and control of the body. According to recent research, people who are right-brain dominant and those who are left-brain dominant process information and respond in different ways. Most theories suggest that right-brain dominant people are guided by the more emotional, intuitive right hemisphere, while left-brain people respond in sequential, logical ways, guided by the left hemisphere. To a great degree, your personality is shaped by your brain type. Your dominant brain type has a very significant effect on your study skills, homework habits, and grades. For instance, some students may struggle with specific assignment types or test questions, based on their specific brain types. By understanding your dominant brain type, you may be able to adjust your study methods, and perhaps shape your schedule and coursework, to suit your own personality type. What's Your Brain Game? Do you watch the clock constantly, or does the bell surprise you at the end of class? Have you ever been accused of being too analytical or do people say youre dreamy? These characteristics can be attributed to brain types. Typically, dominant left-brain students will be more organized, theyll watch the clock, and theyll analyze information and process it sequentially. They are often cautious, and they follow rules and schedules. Left-brain students are strong in math and science, and can answer questions quickly. Left-brain students would make great Jeopardy contestants. On the other hand, right-brain students are the dreamers. They can be very intelligent and very deep thinkers- so much so that they can get lost in their own little worlds. They make great students of the social sciences and the arts. They are more spontaneous than the cautious left-brainers, and they are likely to follow their own gut feelings. Right-brainers are very intuitive and have great skill when it comes to seeing through lies or tricks. They would make great Survivor contestants. What about people who are right in the middle? Everyone is different, and everyone has characteristics from both types. Some people are equal when it comes to characteristics. Those students are middle-brain oriented, and they might do well on The Apprentice.   Students who are middle-brain oriented can have strong qualities from either hemisphere. Those students can benefit from logic from the left and intuition from the right. That sounds like a great recipe for success in business, doesnt it?

How two major supermarkets in the Australian market carry out their Assignment

How two major supermarkets in the Australian market carry out their business - Assignment Example This research establishes an inter-association between all picture images, content, and loyalty components. The outcomes of the research demonstrate the way store picture influences feelings more straight from store environment, service, producing and after sales service more so than the sight and expediency. This outcome promotes past researchers like Willkie and Olson et al. on the way feelings have a straight firm effect on store loyalty and reassure the proposed theory if a customer holds an optimistic feeling towards the supermarket; they are probable to be faithful. However, this study contrasts the research by Yoo and Macinnis that accounts for just supermarket site to have a straight impact on the general store feelings. Alain d’Astous and Melanie Levesque’s research, â€Å"A Scale for Measuring Store Personality†, develops the urgency to conceptualize the notion that every store has its personal new personality and establishes a technique in which it wou ld be assessed to access its psychometric features. Five sizes were established that are applied in the breakdown of this research of Coles vs. Woolworths. The sizes are marked complexity, firmness, genuineness, keenness, and unpleasantness. The research attains its outcomes through establishing a prosperous personality scale for supermarkets to aid with marketers’ breakdown of customers’ views on the grounds of their emotional sequences.  

Project Portfolio Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Portfolio Management - Case Study Example The constraints of external environmental factors, changes in customer requirements and demographics and the financial and operational constraints would also be considered for the same. The project selection criteria would mainly be based on the continuously shifting needs of the customer groups in this industry in Florida, where the company is mainly located. Also, the strategic objectives of the company like the expansion of the business into new markets like Europe and Alaska, the increase in revenues by 10%, the expansion of customer services and the improvement of the customer satisfaction levels by 15% every year, would also be considered as the main project selection criteria. Apart from these, the cost control objectives of the company including the reduction of operating costs by at least 10% per year and the reduction of warehouse and overhead costs by at least 5% per year would be taken up as key selection criteria for the project portfolio management process. Thus, to ens ure that all these goals are met with, the Enterprise Project Portfolio Management (EPPM) method is selected. The Enterprise Project Portfolio Management (EPPM) method of portfolio management is selected for the company because this technique involves taking up a top down approach that helps to manage all the project intensive resources and activities across the company. This would help to streamline the different business decision units of the company by ensuring better integration of the operational, financial, human resources and corporate strategies of the company. Since, this method is an automated system and does not require manual work; therefore, it would be time and cost effective as well. The EPPM takes up a centralized top down approach of managing the project portfolios which ensures that all levels of employees are actively engaged in the project