Symptoms And Types Of Anxiety - 958 Words

Anxiety exists in a variety of forms within humans and animals alike. Specific phobias effects approximately 10% of the population, the most common being spider phobia (Bourdon et al, 1988; Fyer, 1998). Anxieties’ and phobia’s aetiology and maintenance can be explained through learning theories. Exposure therapy is the therapy of choice when treating spider phobia sufferers (Craske Rowe, 1997). Learning is the essential factor in the aetiology of anxiety, specifically fears and phobias. Brought forward by Watson Rayner (1920) and Pavlov (1927), one learning theory that seeks to explain the origin of an individual’s anxiety is classical conditioning. Continued by Rachman (1977), conditioning is where a neutral stimulus is strongly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). The US causes an automatic physiological response, called an unconditioned response (UR). When the link between the stimuli occurs, the neutral stimulus, now the conditioned stimulus (CS), will bring about a conditioned response (CR), which is very similar to the UR. In the context of arachnophobia, an image, presence or thought of a spider (CS) will be linked to disgust, being bitten or a traumatic experience (US). The UR of the stimulus is fear and therefore the resulting CR will also be fear leading to the CS always eliciting the emotion of fear. Continuing Rachman’s (1977) ideas, fear acquisition can also occur through vicarious and didactic learning, where fear is observed and learnt ratherShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1295 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety Disorder Many people experience anxiety and nervousness from time to time, typically about a near event, something with an uncertain outcome, problem at work, or making an important decision. 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